Fortleben

How keikaku read Supper

This English was drafted by keikaku, a translation engine running on Meta's models. Before a line was drafted, it wrote an analysis of the book, its people and its tone, and that analysis steered every stage: the draft, the two readings against the Japanese, and the editing. It is published here in full, with the voice the draft was written in.

If you'd read this story differently, start your own edition and steer it. Or go back to the translation.

What is it about?
  1. "The crux is the mother's mid-mouthful slide out of time. For five paragraphs this is a warm, crowded, slightly comic supper: a fat baby girl just able to stand by holding the table, banging a spoon, everything swept out of her reach, two young parents — not a wrinkle on either face, but a deep, drowsy tiredness already in his hollowed eyes and her fine shoulders — laughing helplessly and forgetting, in the racket, even to hear the storm outside. Then, in paragraphs 10 to 11, the mother puts a potato in her mouth. It is hard, gritty, as if frozen, thoroughly nasty. She says nothing. And the prose, without any marker of a scene-change, drifts with her: the three years since her marriage stretch until she feels she has lived a whole long life and grown quite old; the sufferings of those three years come back “dreamlike”, and she is suddenly seeing, from very far away, a dim picture (絵) of three people with their heads together telling one endless story in which everything — good and evil, sorrow, suffering, anger, joy — is told, while nobody moves, nobody is disturbed, and all of it is wrapped in 懐かしみ (natsukashimi, fond remembrance) and 許し (forgiveness) and a deep peace like the night's. The story stands or falls on whether the English lets that expansion happen inside an ordinary sentence at an ordinary table, and then lets it contract again to “only three years” (paragraph 14, paragraph 22, paragraph 27) and to work tomorrow."

    Everything else in the text serves that one movement. The frame is built for it: storm heard / storm unheard / storm heard again. The child's noise in the first movement is not decoration — it is what the world sounds like from inside a life being lived at full stretch, and the mother's silence in the second half is set against her husband's repeated, puzzled 「どうして黙ってるの」 (“why are you so quiet?”, paragraph 19, paragraph 21) precisely because he cannot follow her where she has gone. And the vision's content is all summary and no event: nothing is shown happening, only everything having already happened and turned, in the telling, into fondness and pardon. If the English makes the vision vivid, specific or dramatic, the ratio inverts and it becomes a fantasy interrupting a domestic sketch, rather than the domestic sketch briefly seen from the far side of a whole life.

    In the English: So: keep the trigger physical and uninterpreted. The potato is hard — “as if frozen”, gritty between her teeth, tasteless — and the distance it opens in her is rendered in the narration's ordinary diction of distance itself (“far”, “far off”, “far heart”, “rate”, repeated until it becomes a place). Do not name what she sees: not heaven, not death, not her own old age, not a judgement day, though it has something of all of them. “あの日” is only “that day”. The picture must stay a picture — 幻のような絵, “a picture like a phantom”, something her eye sees, not a doctrine she arrives at. An English version that upgrades the vision into consolation — that lets her (or the narrator) conclude anything — has written a religious tract over a story about a bad potato. Likewise keep the return unexalted: “もう少しの間だ” — “just a little longer” — nursing the child, clearing the table, getting up early tomorrow. The vision does not solve the poverty. It sits next to it, and the story ends not on it but on a man standing still, whispering, 「嵐だな」 — “a storm”. That bare last line is the frame closing: the storm announced in paragraph 1, unheard through the child's noise in paragraph 8, heard by her alone inside her silence in paragraph 19, and finally heard by everyone in the quiet of paragraphs 37 to 38. Keep it exactly that plain and that short; do not let it swell into a symbol at the last moment.

The reading?

The crux must stay first in drafting. Beyond it, notice the narration's slide: begins outside ('a parent and child', 'the man', 'the woman') and imperceptibly becomes the mother's interior in same past-tense explanatory endings (de atta / no datta) and same 'as if', 'somehow', 'before she knew it' hedges. No italics, dreams marked, or psychologising verbs should separate reverie. Long sentences accumulate repetitions - smile (hohoemi), eyes/gaze, quiet/still, dream, all/everything (subete), long (nagai), far - then dialogue punctures with short exchanges. Repeat English words even unfashionably; vary only when Japanese does. Register Taishō literary with old kana but not quaint: clean, soft, slightly formal English, poverty plain (rice, aluminium pot, beef onion carrot potato) without ennobling supper. Parents unnamed, young yet exhausted; child noisy bodily comedy prevents sentimentality. Husband's practical hope ('little one will soon walk', 'let's work') not lesser than vision. Fluent risks: rationalising potato-to-vision causality, clarifying 'that day', expanding abstract nouns into explanations, destroying rhythm by splitting drift or joining dialogue, impoverishing subete/nagai/far repetitions, making mother eloquent - she can say almost nothing, repeatedly 'only three years', and husband misunderstands kindly.

In what voice?
"叙述は温かい同室の声から、区切りなく母の遠い心へ滑る" — narration slides without break from warm room to mother's far heart. Clean slightly formal prose, long looping sentences, repeated plain words; parents young plainspoken, husband blunt warm ('sa da naa' as soft 'that's so'), mother halting almost monosyllabic; wrong: lyrical uplift, heaven language, modern therapy idiom, cute baby-talk.
Who's who?
  • the father. Young poor father; comic tender feeder of child; cannot follow wife's reverie and answers it with work-tomorrow endurance.

    Called: 父 (narrator); 男 / 若い父親 (narrator); 彼 (narrator); 夫 (narrator).

    How they speak: Plain spoken masculine: 〜だなァ, 〜んだな, 〜じゃないか, 独言-like short sentences; kindly puzzled, practical hope (walk soon, work, sleep early), not philosophical

  • the mother. Young poor mother; taste of bad potato triggers unmarked slide out of time into phantom picture and back to endurance.

    Called: 母 (narrator); 女 / 彼女 (narrator); 母親 (narrator).

    How they speak: Soft polite feminine speech: 〜ますのね, 〜んですものね, 〜ませうね; inarticulate in dialogue, can only repeat 'only three years'; interior is narrator-mediated, not eloquent

  • the baby girl. Fat infant daughter; her noise is what lived life sounds like and the reason the storm goes unheard in paragraph 8.

    Called: 子供 / 女の子 (narrator); 彼女 (narrator); 坊や (mother (the mother) to child).

    How they speak: Pre-verbal: noisy bodily comedy — さわがしい叫声, spoon banging, うまうま; prevents sentimentality

  • the three people in the dim picture. Figures in幻のような絵 seen by mother; carriers of 懐かしみ and 許し and deep peace.

    Called: 三人の人たち / 彼等 (narrator rendering mother's vision (paragraph 16)); 話す人 / 聞く人 (narrator rendering mother's vision (paragraph 16)).

    How they speak: no direct speech; summary only: all good and evil, sorrow, suffering, anger, joy told without disturbance

The style sheet?
Annotation density
Sparse; margin only where sentence cannot give reader the thing: Bōya (affectionate address for baby despite girl child), aluminium pot / beef-pot supper as poverty-modernity, 懐かしみ gloss once, old-kana ruby convention. Never annotate what context supplies or explain that day.
Author voice
Taishō literary but not quaint: soft, slightly formal, accumulative long sentences with repetitions, then short dialogue punctures. Keep drift in same diction as table; no italics for thought, no vividness upgrade for vision, no sentimentality for baby, no consolation conclusion. Husband's practical hope stands equal to vision.
Honorifics and names
No personal names in text. Use 'the man / the young father', 'the woman / the mother', 'the child / the baby' as Japanese does; do not normalize to husband/wife/father/mother throughout. Keep 'Bōya' for 坊や as address with one margin note; do not translate to boy/son/baby.
Keep in Japanese
Bōya only, in romanisation with macron-less plain form. All else in English: Sensei-type retention does not apply (no 先生). Foods, vessels (rice, aluminium pot, earthen teapot, tea-bowl) in plain English.
Quotation
Japanese 『』 for direct speech and ひとりで独言. In English use double quotation marks for spoken lines (paragraph 7, paragraphs 21 to 35, paragraph 38 whisper). Husband's どうして黙ってるの twice must read as same question. Do not join dialogue to narration or split drift sentences to make logic clearer.
Register
Clean, soft, slightly formal past-tense English. Poverty plain without ennoblement; comedy bodily without cuteness; abstraction flat without elegance. Repeat words even unfashionably; vary only when Japanese varies.
Ruby and italics
Ruby in source (卓《テーブル》, 怜悧《れいり》, 微笑《ほほゑみ》) shows reading; render as normal English ('table', 'shrewd', 'smile') with no italics. No italics for vision or thought. Italics only for Bōya as foreign address on first use if house style requires, then roman.
Who tells it?
English tense
Simple past throughout as default. Keep explanatory past (it was, it was that) for paragraphs 2 to 4 scene-setting and for gnomic vision summary paragraph 17; do not switch vision to present timeless or dialogue to present.
Frame
One supper in a small room under a dark bulb, storm outside. Narration begins external and comic-crowded, drifts with mother without scene-break, contracts to table-clearing and whispered storm.
Narrator
Third-person external narrator, initially distanced (親子, 男, 女), imperceptibly becoming mother's interior focalization from paragraphs 10 to 11 onward. No italics, no dream-marking, no psychologizing verbs; hedges (いつか, ふと, いつとなく, なにか, ように) and explanatory endings (であった, のであった, のだった) keep reverie in same grammar as table.
Person
third person
Tense habits
Japanese past/explanatory (であった, のであった, のだった) for both outer fact and inner summary; progressive/distal forms (〜しつつ, 〜ようとしてゐる, 〜てゐた) for ongoing supper vs completed drift. Hedged perception verbs, not marked thought.
Timeline
  • Paragraphs 1 to 9: crowded comic supper — baby stands holding table, bangs spoon, parents sweep everything below table, forget storm in racket
  • Paragraphs 10 to 11: trigger — mother serves beef/onion/carrot/potato from blue pot, tastes hard gritty tasteless potato, falls vaguely silent
  • Paragraphs 12 to 18: expansion — three married years feel lifelong, sufferings recalled dreamlike, phantom-like picture of three telling endless story, night-like rest ahead
  • Paragraphs 19 to 32: return punctured by dialogue — husband twice 'why are you silent?', wife can only say 'only three years', husband answers 'two years past, baby will walk, a little longer', feeding resumes
  • Paragraphs 33 to 38: close — chopsticks laid down, nursing, clear table sleep early tomorrow, child asleep at breast, stillness, husband stands whispering storm
What comes back?
  • storm 嵐・雨風の音・嵐だな. Acoustic frame that opens, disappears, and closes the story. Its return marks contraction back to present.

    In the English: Keep one short word: 'storm'. Same noun in paragraph 1 announcement, paragraph 8 unheard, paragraph 19 heard alone, paragraph 38 whisper. Do not vary to tempest/gale or swell last line into symbol.

  • smile 微笑・ほほゑみ・笑み・笑い・笑ひ合った. Deliberate chain linking domestic laughter to the still smiling of the three figures; varying breaks the link.

    In the English: Keep 'smile' for 微笑/ほほえみ/笑み/笑い throughout, even where English would vary to grin/laugh. Child's noise vs parents' helpless smiling is the first-movement music.

  • eyes and looking 瞳・眼・見る・見つめる・注ぐ・伏せる. Attention is the story's action: parents gaze at child, mother gazes far, vision is seen in eye's bottom.

    In the English: Keep 'eyes / gaze' stable. 瞳 for soft deep looking, 眼 for lifted/strained looking. Do not upgrade to stare/gaze shifting.

  • far 遠い所・遠くはなれた心・遠くの方・遠い絵・遠く未来. Ordinary diction of distance carries the slide out of time; paraphrase would rationalize it.

    In the English: Keep 'far / far off / far heart' literally, even repetitively. Distance becomes a place, not a metaphor to tidy.

  • all/everything すべて・総て・すべての事. Totalizing word that lets vision claim everything (good/evil/sorrow/joy) without showing any event.

    In the English: Keep 'all / everything' for すべて/総て. Flat and total, not 'whole world' or 'life'.

  • long ながい・永く・絶えることなく・永久に. Three years feel long; story told is long; suffering after is long. Repetition makes 'only three years' land.

    In the English: Keep 'long' for ながい/永く. Do not vary to endless/eternal except where Japanese says 絶えることなく/永久に.

  • quiet and silence 静か・黙って・物静か・静まりかへった. Second half is defined by mother's silence against first-half racket; husband's repeated question marks it.

    In the English: Keep 'quiet/still/silent' family together: 静か, 黙って, 黙る, 静まりかへった. Silence set against noise and against husband's 'why are you silent?'

  • tiredness 疲れ・だるそう・打沈んだ. Establishes poverty of strength without wrinkles; motivates but does not explain vision.

    In the English: Keep 'tiredness / weary' for 疲れ/だるそう/打沈んだ. Physical, shared, young yet exhausted; do not pathologize.

  • fond remembrance, forgiveness, peace / night-like rest なつかしみ・許し・安らかさ・安息・あの日. Vision's whole content is these nouns; any elegant variation turns summary into doctrine.

    In the English: Keep fixed trio: 'fond remembrance (natsukashimi) and forgiveness and peace'. Gloss natsukashimi once in margin; thereafter same words. 'That day' stays 'that day'.

  • only three years; just a little longer; let's work 三年・二年・もう少しの間だ・働きませう. Contraction back to ordinary time and unexalted endurance; mother's eloquence must stay limited to this.

    In the English: Keep wife's exact refrain 'only three years / barely three years' (paragraph 14, paragraph 22, paragraph 27) and husband's echo 'only two years past' (paragraph 25, paragraph 28). Do not improve her inarticulacy.

The hard spots?
  • Texture-trigger (paragraph 11). Potato is hard, gritty/crunchy (ざくざく), as if frozen, tasteless/nasty (不味). Period poor-cooking/storage detail. Keep physical and uninterpreted; do not make it symbolize poverty or turn causality explicit (potato = vision). English must keep teeth, coldness, lack of taste without ennobling or explaining.
  • Vision diction (paragraph 15, paragraph 16, paragraph 19). 幻のような絵, 淡暗い光り, 物静か — picture stays a picture seen by the eye, not a dream entered or doctrine concluded. Do not translate 絵 as vision/scene/world, 幻 as hallucination/dream, or upgrade dimness into mysticism.
  • Abstract nouns (paragraph 16, paragraph 17, paragraph 20). 懐かしみ (natsukashimi), 許し, 安らかさ, 安息 — repeated network. Natsukashimi is fond remembrance/longing, not nostalgia in modern English sense and not forgiveness; 許し is pardon/forgiveness. Keep same English words each time; do not expand into explanations or merge them.
  • Unresolved referent (paragraph 17, paragraph 20). あの日, 永久に夜のような安息 — that day / night-like rest. Could imply death, old age, eternity, judgement. Text leaves open. Keep literal 'that day' and 'rest like night'; do not name heaven, death, afterlife, or judgement day.
  • Address vs fact (paragraph 8, paragraph 29, paragraph 30). Child explicitly girl but called 坊や (Bōya, literally boy). Period affectionate generic for baby. Keep 'Bōya' (romanised, explained in margin once) rather than 'boy/son/little one' which either misgenders or erases the wrinkle, and do not invent a name.
  • Period material and orthography (paragraph 2, paragraph 5, paragraph 7, paragraph 9). 卓《テーブル》, 土瓶, アルミ鍋, 怜悧《れいり》, 微笑《ほほゑみ》 — Taishō literary with old kana and ruby glosses. Table is Western-style table under bare bulb; aluminium pot, earthen teapot, beef/onion/carrot/potato mark pauvre modernity. Render plainly without exoticizing or modernizing; ruby shows reading, not emphasis.